Ttribute-based access control using a dynamic expression engine

ABSTRACT

A computer implemented method manages access to resources of a cloud platform. The method includes retrieving, at a computing device of the cloud platform, context data and load policies for a requestor and an identified resource, combining, by the computing device, loaded policies with context data into a combined data structure, evaluating, by the computing device, a resource request and apply policies for requestor based on role of requestor using the combined data structure, generating, by the computing device, resource permissions for the requestor, and returning, by the computing device, resource permissions to the requestor.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.16/227,587, filed Dec. 20, 2018, which claims the benefit of U.S.Provisional Application No. 62/720,072, filed Aug. 20, 2018, which arehereby incorporated by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

One or more implementations relate to the field of multi-tenant platformmanagement; and more specifically, to managing permissions and roles ina multi-tenant platform.

BACKGROUND ART

Non-profit organizations and similar entities are focused on maximizingthe use of donations to service causes they champion. Accordingly, thesenon-profit organizations attempt to minimize overhead costs to maximizefunds available for their causes. One significant source of overhead forcharitable organizations is web advertising and associated services.Similarly, many for-profit organizations seek to support charitablegiving by enabling employees to direct donations and services towardnon-profit organizations. In this case as well, the desire is tomaximize charitable giving while minimizing overhead. As a result, manyfor-profit organizations have developed charitable giving programs thatpartner with non-profit organizations to promote the charitable work thenon-profit organizations perform and enable employees of the for-profitorganizations to make donations to these non-profit organizations. Insome cases, the for-profit organizations may match donations made byemployees or provide similar support to these non-profit organizations.

A multi-tenant cloud computing platform supports one or multipleservices that are made available to tenants of the multi-tenant cloudcomputing platform. The services are sets of functions, applications,and/or resources that may be made available on-demand to the tenants ofthe multi-tenant cloud computing platform. The tenants of themulti-tenant cloud computing platform can leverage these services tosupport their organization. Thus, an organization of a tenant does notneed to be concerned with building and/or maintaining the providedservices, but instead makes use of the services when needed (e.g., inresponse to a demand from a tenant). The services may communicate witheach other and/or with one or more electronic devices external to themulti-tenant cloud computing platform via one or more ApplicationProgramming Interfaces (APIs) (e.g., a Representational State Transfer(REST) API).

The multi-tenant cloud computing platform can also provide a set ofresources to tenants. For example, the resources may include a set ofdatabases and the services use data stored within the set of databases.The set of databases may each comprise one or more database objects thatare managed by a Database Management System (DBMS). Each database objectmay include a number of records and each record may comprise a set offields.

In some implementations, the multi-tenant cloud computing platform maybe utilized to provide services and resources to support charitabledonations to non-profit organizations. However, these services andresources are restricted to those made available by a provider of themulti-tenant cloud computing platform. For example, the provider may notbe focused on supporting charitable activities and thus these servicesand resources may provide limited support for charitable donations ofemployees of tenants.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The following figures use like reference numbers to refer to likeelements. Although the following figures depict various exemplaryimplementations, alternative implementations are within the spirit andscope of the appended claims. In the drawings:

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a philanthropic cloud platform thatimplements corporate social responsibility programs with support forexternal organizations to have defined roles.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a dynamic expression engineaccording to some example implementations.

FIG. 3 is an object model illustrating a philanthropic network accordingto some example implementations.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process forattribute-based access control implemented by a dynamic expressionengine.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process for assigningroles to supporting organizations for a corporate social responsibilityprogram.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process for managingdonation transactions.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of one implementation of a corporate socialresponsibility portal.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams of one implementation of a contentmanagement interface enabling configuration of a scope of visibility andfund management.

FIG. 9A is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device accordingto some example implementations.

FIG. 9B is a block diagram of an environment where a corporate socialresponsibility platform may be deployed, according to someimplementations.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following description describes methods and apparatuses forproviding a philanthropy cloud platform that is a multi-tenant cloudcomputing service, where roles within a corporate social responsibilityprogram provided by the philanthropy cloud platform can be shared withorganizations external to the philanthropy cloud platform and where thephilanthropy cloud platform includes attribute-based access controlsthat securely manage support roles and sharing of resources betweenworkplaces within the philanthropy cloud platform.

The implementations of the philanthropy cloud platform provide apermissions manager that implements a high-performance and flexibleexpression-based policy engine for providing fine-grained permissions tosystem and application resources at runtime. This permissions manager isused to secure philanthropy cloud platform microservices and resources.In addition, the permissions manager can be exposed to tenants andassociated users of the philanthropy cloud platform to secure theirapplication-specific resources. The permissions manager is based onattribute-based access control (ABAC). The permissions manager makesauthorization decisions and can be implemented as a microservice. Thepermissions manager can make authorization decisions that combine a setof attributes. These attributes can be defined in separate datastructures. In one example implementation, the data structures are inJavaScript Object Notation (JSON) or a similar format. For sake ofclarity and convenience, the example implementation of data structuresin JSON is utilized herein by way of example and not limitation. Oneskilled in the art would understand that similar data structures andformats could be utilized with similar properties as JSON. Thepermissions manager also evaluates input states using a set of ruleswritten using a well-defined expression syntax, such as the JSONataexpression syntax. These rule expressions are themselves a part of thestate that is input to the permission manager. The permission managerenables control of resources within the philanthropy cloud byorganizations, their users, and related entities within and external thephilanthropy cloud platform.

The philanthropy cloud platform also utilizes the permissions manager tosupport roles that are implemented by entities external the philanthropycloud platform. Any number of supporting roles can be defined for aphilanthropy cloud platform. Example supporting roles include areseller, customer support partner, transaction processor, contentpartner, and workplace account manager. An organization with a‘reseller’ role markets the philanthropy cloud platform to interestedcustomers, culminating in a contract and service order submitted to theprovider of the philanthropy cloud platform. The reseller provides salesenablement and marketing support to partners in the philanthropy cloudplatform.

An organization with a ‘customer service partner’ role providestechnical support to tenant organizations, workplaces, and associatedusers in the philanthropy cloud platform. The customer service partnercan also escalate issues to the philanthropy cloud platform providerwhen the customer service partner is not able to resolve the issuesthemselves. An organization with a ‘workplace account managementpartner’ role provides account management services to tenantorganizations, workplaces, and associated users, including criticaltasks such as user onboarding and education, campaign contentdevelopment, campaign outreach/marketing to tenant organization users,campaign reporting and strategic campaign management. In thephilanthropy cloud platform, tenants in the underlying multi-tenantcloud computing system are structured as organizations, with a set ofworkplaces. These tenant organizations have associated resources, users,and roles assigned to these users that are used to define access toresources for the users within a workplace. Access to resources betweenworkplaces, including workplaces associated with separate tenantorganizations, is possible as further discussed below.

In some implementations, support roles also include a transactionprocessor, which is an organization that assists in the processing ofdonated funds from employees (e.g., users of a tenant organization), andas needed, may pass such funds to a beneficiary charitable organization(i.e., a non-profit organization) designated by the donor (i.e., atenant organization user). The transaction processor manages accounting,legal, and/or banking logistics to ensure proper handling of donationsand the related financial transactions for the philanthropy cloudplatform, workplaces, and beneficiaries (e.g., non-profitorganizations).

The support roles may also include content partners (sometimes referredto as service partners). Content partners are organizations andassociated users that create or curate content for workplaces in thephilanthropy cloud platform. The content can be any type of audio,graphical, video, interactive or similar piece of content. The contentpartner can design the content to be descriptive and/or persuasive tosupport charitable campaigns and corporate social responsibilityprograms for tenant organizations.

The philanthropy cloud platform allows these support roles to beindependently assigned to appropriate organizations external to thephilanthropy cloud platform and allows individual users in theseexternal organizations to access affordances for performing specifictasks that are appropriate to each of their support roles andresponsibilities in the overall philanthropy cloud platform. A singleorganization and/or associated user may hold one or more support rolesin connection with a tenant organization in the philanthropy cloudplatform. These features of the philanthropy cloud platform aredescribed in further detail with reference to example implementations.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a philanthropic cloud platform 101 thatimplements corporate social responsibility programs with support forexternal organizations to have defined supporting roles to facilitatethe corporate social responsibility programs. The philanthropy cloudplatform 101 is a multi-tenant cloud computing system. The philanthropycloud platform 101 includes any number of computing devices, storagedevices, and similar resources to provides services to its tenantorganizations who are represented within the philanthropy cloud platform101 using an object model by associating tenant organizations with a setof workplaces 115. The workplaces 115 encompass a set of users,services, and resources associated with a tenant organization. Forexample, a corporation can be a tenant organization that utilizes thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 for corporate social responsibilityprograms for its employees. A given corporation may have sub-divisionsor similar corporate structures, such that users and resources areseparated into different workplaces 115. The resources 113 within thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 can include databases storing contentand data for the corporate social responsibility programs. A permissionmanager 111 can manage access to the resources 113 by enforcing policieswhereby users have limited access to the resources 113 based onassociated attributes, as discussed further below.

The philanthropy cloud platform 101 enables supporting roles that areused by entities external to the philanthropy cloud platform 101 byproviding a corresponding application programming interface (API) orsimilar access mechanism through which the organizations and associatedusers that are operating in these supporting roles can access theresources 113 of the philanthropy cloud platform 101. Each API servicesaccess requests from the external systems of organizations serving insupporting roles and upon approval of the permission manager 111 enablesthe external systems to access resources 113 of the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 to carry out the functions of the associated supportingrole. For supporting roles of reseller, customer service partner,transaction processor, content partner, and workplace account managementpartner, respective APIs can be defined such as provisioning API 119,customer support API 133, transaction API 123, content API 121, andconfiguration API 145, respectively.

The implementation of the philanthropy cloud platform 101 enables tenantorganizations, their workplaces 115, and their users to not have todepend on a single vendor or provider for all of the differentservices/aspects of running a corporate social responsibility programthat are handled by the supporting roles. The philanthropy cloudplatform 101 enables these responsibilities to be formalized anddisentangled from each other such that tenant organizations, theirworkplaces 115, and their users can have a choice of providers for thesesupporting roles, increasing efficiency and service quality whiledecreasing cost. The philanthropy cloud platform 101 can thereby createa vigorous, healthy market ecosystem of organizations offering differentkinds of services to the tenant organizations, users, and workplaces115.

The term “user,” as used herein, is a generic term referring to anentity (e.g., an individual person) using a system and/or service. Amulti-tenant architecture provides each tenant with a dedicated share ofa software instance and the ability to input tenant specific data foruser management, tenant-specific functionality, configuration,customizations, non-functional properties, associated applications, andsimilar functionality. Multi-tenancy contrasts with multi-instancearchitectures, where separate software instances operate on behalf ofdifferent tenants. A tenant includes a group of users who share a commonaccess with specific privileges to a software instance providing aservice. A tenant may be an organization (e.g., a company, departmentwithin a company, or similar entity) referred to herein as a tenantorganization. A tenant organization in the philanthropy cloud platformmay have one or more support roles defined to provide functions for acorporate social responsibility program.

A user may have one or more roles relative to a system and/or service.To provide some examples, a user may be a representative (sometimesreferred to as an “end user”) of a tenant (e.g., a vendor or customer),a representative (e.g., an administrator) of the company providing thesystem and/or service, and/or a representative (e.g., a programmer) of athird-party application developer that is creating and maintaining anapplication(s) on a Platform as a Service (PAAS).

In the philanthropy cloud platform 101, the tenant organizations may berepresented as a set of workplaces 115 that are participating in acorporate social responsibility program. As discussed above, thecorporate social responsibility program can be divided into supportingroles for handling different functions related to the operation of thecorporate social responsibility program. The supporting roles mayinclude a reseller role, a customer service partner role, a workplaceaccount manager role, a transaction processor role, and a contentpartner role. The philanthropy cloud platform 101 allows these roles tobe independently assigned to any number and configuration of appropriateorganizations and allows individual users in these organizations to beable to access resources sufficient to perform specific tasks that areappropriate to each of their roles and responsibilities in the overallphilanthropy cloud platform 101. Any of these organizations and theirusers may hold one or more supporting roles as determined by the tenantorganizations and/or the philanthropy cloud platform 101 using a definedobject model and a permissions manager 111 to ensure that organizationsand users have access to resources according to their supporting rolesand relationships with tenant organizations within the philanthropycloud platform 101.

For example, a single entity A 155 can serve as a reseller 117 and acustomer service partner 127 for a single tenant organization orworkplace 115 or for multiple tenants or workplaces 115. In other cases,a single entity, e.g., Entity B 153 or Entity C 151 can serve in thesupporting role of a transaction processor 129 or content partner 135,respectively. Any number of entities can operate in any given role or inany combination of possible roles to provide a competitive and robustenvironment for tenants or workplaces 115 to obtain the functions andservices associated with that supporting role. An ‘entity,’ as usedherein can be any legal entity, such as an organization (e.g., acorporation or non-profit) or an individual. The supporting roles canalso be sub-divided within an organization that is providing theservice. The organization can have sub-divisions and users that mayoperate with a particular supporting role within the set of supportingroles.

In one implementation, organizations serving as resellers 117 in supportof a philanthropy cloud platform 101 market and advertise the functionsand services of the philanthropy cloud platform 101 to offer theseservices to other parties who can become new tenants of the philanthropycloud platform 101. The resellers 117 include reseller systems that area set of electronic devices configured and managed by the reseller 117that execute client software or general-purpose software for interfacingwith the philanthropy cloud platform 101. The reseller 117 is grantedpermission to instantiate service orders through a provisioning API 119.The reseller systems thereby are granted access to the philanthropycloud platform 101 to configure new tenants and workplaces 115 for thesetenants as well as to define the access of these new tenants to theresources 113 of the philanthropy cloud platform 101.

Each tenant or workplace 115 can be assigned to a customer servicepartner 127. The customer service partner 127 is connected to thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 through a customer support API 133. Thecustomer support API 133 can provide functions for accessing resourcesrelated to customer support services, such as a relational databaseengine in which customer support tickets and knowledge articles arestored. In one implementation, each customer service partner 127 isassociated with one or more support ticketing systems. The philanthropycloud platform 101 can dynamically route user support cases originatingwith tenants and their users to the appropriate support ticketing systembased on a customer service partner 127 associated with the tenant inthe object model. The support ticketing system can queue submittedtickets for action by the customer service partner's 127 customersupport agents 171.

The customer support partner 127 system allows associated tenant orworkplace users to view and interact with their support tickets andallows customer support agents 171 limited access to the philanthropycloud platform 101 and the workplaces 115 to troubleshoot issues onbehalf of the users of the associated workplaces 115. In addition, thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 can index support documentation fromacross multiple customer service partners 127, support ticketingsystems, and correlated systems to present appropriate documentationresources to each workplace user of the philanthropy cloud platform 101.Thus, the customer service partner 127 and the customer support APIs 121can support multiple workplaces 115, multiple specific softwareproducts, multiple resources, and similar aspects of the philanthropycloud platform 101 to assist any number or workplace 115 users acrossmultiple workplaces.

In some implementations, each tenant organization is also assigned aworkplace account management partner 105 through a configuration API145. The configuration API 145 can provide access, in accordance withthe permissions manager 111, to resources 113, such as relationaldatabase engines. Workplace account management partners 105 can assignindividual workplace account managers 107 to a tenant organization orworkplace 115. Workplace account managers 107 have certainadministrative permissions for tenant organization workplaces 115 andcan assist tenant organization users and administrators withconfiguration and content creation tasks within these workplaces 115. Aworkplace account management partner 105 can be associated with anynumber of tenant organizations and related workplaces 115. A workplaceaccount manager 107 can be a user of the workplace account managementpartner 105 that is specific to a workplace 115 or that assists multipleworkplaces 115.

In some implementations, each tenant organization or workplace 115 isassigned a default intermediary transaction processor 129. Transactionprocessors 129 connect a payment processing account to the philanthropycloud platform 101 and can then receive charitable donations from usersof workplace 115 and, outside of the philanthropy cloud platform 101,can subsequently pass the donations to additional non-profits 131 thatthe user may designate. Individual nonprofits 131 can also betransaction processors 129 and receive donations directly. In the eventthat there are multiple intermediary transaction processors 129, atransaction manager 137 tracks which nonprofits 131 each intermediarytransaction processor 129 can distribute to, and their cost for doingso. In this manner, the philanthropy cloud platform 101 can choose themost efficient/lowest-cost option for routing funds to a given nonprofit131. Transaction processors 129 can work with banks, credit cardcompanies, and similar financial institutions 125 to coordinate theprocessing of donations and related transactions based on tenantorganization, workplace 115, or user preference.

In some implementations, the philanthropy cloud platform 101 is open tomultiple content partners 135 and/or similar service providers. Contentpartners 135 and/or similar service providers can create content on thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 via a user interface (UI) or via acontent creation API 121 and can retrieve information about workplace115 user interactions/transactions with their content (e.g., donations,sign ups, etc.) through several APIs. A content partner 135 can providecontent for any number of workplaces 115 as determined by the permissionmanager 111 and the preferences of the workplaces 115 on sharing contentof the content partner 135. Any number of content partners 135 canprovide content that is accessible to any number of workplaces 115 andworkplace users as managed by the permission manager 111. In addition,content partners 135 can receive analytics and user interaction datafrom the philanthropy cloud platform 101 that is collected by theplatform 101, workplaces 115, and resources 113 that enable the contentpartner 135 to track user participation and similar metrics of userconsumption of the content.

Enabling these supporting roles to have external managed access to theresources 113 of the philanthropy cloud platform 101 provides a platformwith an innovative combination of components in the context of managingcorporate social responsibility programs and individual engagement withcharitable causes generally. Further, the transaction manager 137implementation of a lowest-cost funds routing of transactions or similartenant or tenant user preference-based routing is an improvement in therouting of charitable donations to nonprofits 131.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram illustrating a dynamic expression engineaccording to some example implementations. The dynamic expressionengine, as illustrated, can function as the permission manager 111 forthe philanthropy cloud platform. A ‘dynamic expression,’ as used hereinis a code based or natural language description of logical actions thatcan be evaluated by the permission manager 111 such as an identificationof a set of criteria within context data that can be checked todetermine permissions for a given resource. The permission manager 111interfaces with external facing APIs, user interfaces, and tenantapplications seeking to access resources 113 within the philanthropycloud platform 101 or manage policies for the permission manager 111.The external facing APIs 251, user interfaces, and tenant applicationscan generate requests for resource 113 access via authorization points(AuthZ) 203, which are micro-services for handling these requests. Anynumber of authorization points 203 can be utilized to service theseresource requests for the philanthropy cloud platform 101.

The permissions manager 111 caches context data required to makeauthorization decisions for these resource requests. The context dataincludes environment data from the philanthropy cloud platform 101 andsession information for users connecting to the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 via the APIs and authorization points 203. The context datamay be maintained in a JSON format and stored in a database managementsystem (DBMS) 219. In one implementation, the caching is optimized bygenerating context data 217 that is stored in the context cache 225 inresponse to a first resource request where a context is found not toexist (Block 215) in the DBMS 219 and keying the context data in thecache 225 to a user's session. In one implementation, when the usersession expires, their context cache 225 can be emptied. This cache 225can be force-emptied and rebuilt if anything in the context cache 225changes.

A user that is an administrator of the philanthropy cloud platform 101,a tenant user, or similar user can generate and install policies 201.Policies 201 are dynamic expressions that are written to protectresources and tenants and can return any string expression as the resultof a decision, which could be true/false, or a complex set of granularinstructions on what level of access is allowed. Policies 201 can bedefined in a JSON format, with a special field for the policy expressionor using a similar language and/or data format. Policies 201 can also bestored in the DBMS 219 or a similar location within the philanthropycloud platform 101.

In some implementations, a request for access received by anauthorization point 203 includes a viewer object 205. The viewer object205 includes an identifier or definition of who the user, entity, orapplication that is requesting an identified resource 113, as well asinformation about what the actor is seeking to execute or modify. Theauthorization point 203 can forward this viewer object 205 to thepermission manager 111 or generate the viewer object 205 for thepermission manager 111 from data in the request received from theexternal facing APIs or applications.

In some embodiments, policy expressions are written using the JSONataexpression language, which efficiently parses through any arbitrarilystructured JSON document to do complex operations on the data. In thepermission manager 111, policies 201, context data 217, and resourcerequest data (i.e., a viewer object 205) can be combined into onedocument (Block 213), and the permission manager 111 can evaluateexpressions to efficiently do logical compares on the context data 217,the viewer object 205, and apply the relevant policies 201 (Block 211).In this implementation, because this information is all combined in onedocument (in memory), evaluations are efficient. Because the policyexpressions have visibility to the entire document (all context data217, all policies 201, and all viewer object 205 information)expressions can reach across any level of the system state to makedecisions. Policy expressions can be written with JSONata or anywell-defined and complete programming or expression language capable ofperforming similar evaluations. In the case of JSONata, this technologyalso allows JavaScript functions in addition to efficient JSON searchingand parsing to be utilized.

Policies 201 can be input/loaded (Block 207) by any entity enabled todefine policies 201 for a tenant organization or workplace 115. Thepolicies 201 define permissions (e.g., ABAC) using an expressionlanguage, such as JSONata, and indicate the contexts and viewers thatare allowed to access given resources 113. The philanthropy cloudplatform 101 may provide a tool kit (e.g., an ABAC toolkit) or a similarUI for generating policies 201.

The authorization point 203 allows access to various resources in thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 at various levels based on thepermissions returned from the permission manager 111 that makesdecisions based on policies 201 and the role of the requestor, thecontext data 217, and the requested resource 113. By writing policies201 tuned to specific roles of requestors, properly scoped access tophilanthropy cloud platform 101 resources 113 can be granted. Access canalso be scoped to multiple roles. For example, if a user holds the roleof transaction processor 129 and workplace account management partner105, then the policies 201, viewer object 205, and context data 217 canbe evaluated by the permission manager 111 to allow access tophilanthropy cloud platform 111 resources 113 available to both roles.Similarly, access to create and curate content for a given tenantorganization can be granted across multiple roles, or restricted to asingle role, such as a content partner.

In some implementations, different scoping rules can be dynamicallyassigned to different tenant organizations of the platform 101. Tenantorganizations can also have the ability to write their own policies 201for roles they create and assign within their organizations or inassociation with their organizations. For example, a workplace accountmanager 107 may want to assign a person in the workplace 115 to createcontent for that workplace 115. They can use the policy engine of thepermission manager 111 to dynamically scope that user's access tocontent of that workplace 115. The philanthropy cloud platform 101 andthe permission manager 111 can also quarantine the scope to only itemsbelonging to the workplace 115 of that user.

FIG. 3 is an object model illustrating a philanthropic network accordingto some example implementations. The example implementation illustratesa case where an organization 335, for example a tenant organization, canbe represented as a set of inter-related data structures. Theorganization 335 includes an identifier (id), a set of commonattributes, and a set of attributes. The common attributes indicate aset of shared attributes across the organization, and the attributesindicate organization attributes. An attribute can be any property ordata managed within the philanthropy cloud platform 101. Usersassociated with an organization can have an associated person profile340 including an identifier and set of attributes. The attributes of aperson can include any attributes relevant to a user. The model caninclude a structure for a person organization role 345 that includes anidentifier for a person, an identifier for the organization, and anidentifier for the role. A person in the object model represents a userof an organization, such as a user of a tenant organization. The objectmodel also can include a person organization role 350 structure thatincludes a person identifier, a set of organization identifiers and arole identifier. The person organization role 345 structure can beutilized to define the roles for the associated person, e.g., a user ofa tenant organization.

Each organization 335 can be associated with a set of entities withsupporting roles, including a workplace 305, a community 310, anonprofit 315, a transaction processor 320, a reseller 325, and aworkplace account manager 330. Each of these entities with supportingroles can be defined by a corresponding structure that includes anidentifier for the organization and a set of attributes. A workplace 305includes a workplace attribute that defines attributes relevant to aworkplace environment and a set of generic attributes that defineattributes not specific to the workplace environment. A community 310includes a community attribute that defines community specificattributes and a set of generic attributes. A nonprofit 315 includes anonprofit attribute and a set of generic attributes. A transactionprocessor 320 defines a processor attribute and a set of genericattributes. A reseller 325 includes a reseller attribute and a set ofgeneric attributes. A workplace account manager 330 includes a workplaceaccount manager attribute and a set of generic attributes. As shown inFIG. 3, each of the workplace 305, the community 310, the nonprofit 315,the transaction processor 320, the reseller 325, and a workplace accountmanager 330 data structures include an organization identifiercorresponding to an associated organization 335.

FIG. 4 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process forattribute-based access control implemented by a dynamic expressionengine. The dynamic expression engine can be implemented as thepermission manager 111 as discussed herein above. The permission manager111 receives requests for access to philanthropy cloud platform 101resources 113 (Block 401) and determines whether a requestor hassufficient access rights to be allowed to access the requested resource113. A resource 113, as used herein, can be a hardware resource orsoftware resource, including tenant organization data, functions,applications, computing and storage utilization and similar resources ofthe philanthropy cloud platform 101. The request can identify a resource113 to be accessed by including an identifier for the resource as wellas requestor information within the request sent to the philanthropycloud platform 101. The request can be received via an externally facingAPI, a UI, functions, or applications of a tenant organization orsimilar entity. Requestor information can include an identifier for anyrole within the philanthropy cloud platform 101 that is associated witha requestor. The requestor information and resource identification canbe provided or managed as part of a viewer object 205 in a JSON format.

In response to the resource request, the process initiates a check of acache in the philanthropy cloud platform 101 to retrieve context data217 for the request (Block 403). The request can be tied to therequestor and the associated context data 217 can also be requestorspecific and stored in a local database functioning as a context cache(e.g., cache 225). The context data 217 can include any available datarelevant to assessing resource requests and for applying policies 201.Thus, the check of the context cache (e.g., cache 225) is made to locatethe appropriate context data 217. In some embodiments, the checkaccesses the context cache to find context data 217 for a requestor andfor a requested resource.

In some cases where existing context data 217 is not found, thepermission manager 111 generates new context data 217 for a user (i.e.,a requestor) and resource 113 pair that has not been previously handled(Block 405). The permission manager 111 can then store the new contextdata 217 in the context cache, which may be stored in a DBMS (Block407). If the context data 217 is found or has been successfully created,then policies 201 for the requestor and the requested resource 113 canbe loaded (Block 411).

The permissions manager 111 can combine the retrieved and loadedpolicies 201 with the context data 217, requestor information, andresource information to create a document or data structure forevaluating the overall resource request (Block 413). With theinformation combined, then the policies 201 can be evaluated for theresource request and based on the requestor information, such as therole of a requestor in a workplace 115 or in the philanthropy cloudplatform 101. The evaluation can be carried out by an expressionevaluation engine that parses the combined document to identify dynamicexpressions and the required data within the document to evaluate thedynamic expressions, which are logical expressions that will identifyand output a set of permissions for the philanthropy cloud platform(Block 415). The output of the evaluation is a set of resourcepermissions specific to the requestor marshalled into a data structureto be returned to the requestor (Block 417), which are then returned tothe requestor (Block 419). The resource permissions can be provided toan API, application, UI, or similar component that enables the requestorto access the identified resource 113.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process for assigningroles to supporting organizations for a corporate social responsibilityprogram. The example implementation illustrates a configuration of aworkplace 115 for a tenant organization such as a corporation or similartenant organization of the philanthropy cloud platform 101. To set up atenant organization in the philanthropy cloud platform 101, the tenantorganization can be established as an organization using an object model(e.g., the object model of FIG. 3) if it does not already exist in thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 (Block 501). Once an organizationstructure is created for a new tenant organization, the tenantorganization will have an organization identifier enabling othersupporting roles to be generated and associated with the organizationstructure. The workplace role is generated in the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 according to the platform object model and the organizationidentifier is added to the workplace 115 role to associate it with theorganization (Block 503). An administrator can also generate policies201 or similarly configure the permissions manager 111 to enable theentity to perform the role of the workplace 115 including creating usersfor the workplace 115 for the entity. The entity can interface with thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 via specialized client applications orgeneral applications like web browsers to view content, access workplace115 data, manage workplace 115 data, execute workplace 115 applications,and perform similar functions.

With an established organization and workplace 115 defined byphilanthropy cloud platform 101 administrator, users with appropriatepermissions in the organization or workplace 115 or philanthropy cloudplatform 101 administrators can define other entities as providingadditional support roles such as reseller 117, content partner 135,transaction processor 129, customer service partner 127, or workplacemanagement partner 105, as well as other support roles defined by theorganization of the philanthropy cloud platform 101 (Block 505). Inaddition to assigning these support roles to any number or combinationof entities that are separate from or include the entity associated withthe organization, the correlated permissions are defined to enable rolerelated access to philanthropy cloud platform 101 resources 113 by theseentities via the APIs that are specific to or that service a givensupporting role. For example, an entity may be assigned to be a contentpartner 135 for an organization and policies 201 are provided to thepermission manager 111 to enable the content partner 135 to accessresources 113 of the organization and its workplace 115 in thephilanthropy cloud platform 101 through the content API 121.

Once supporting role entities are configured, they can perform theirintended functions by accessing the philanthropy cloud platform 101 viathe role APIs using dedicated client software or general-purposeapplications such as web browsers (Block 507). In the example of acontent partner 135, the content partner 135 may upload web page contentfor a corporate social accountability program campaign to be stored in aDBMS of the philanthropy cloud platform 101 or a similar storage thatwill be accessed by users of the workplace 115 or organization to viewinformation about the program that was developed by the content partner135. FIGS. 8-10 discussed further herein below provide an exampleimplementation of such content for a campaign.

When an entity (e.g., a user of a tenant organization or organizationwith a supporting role) attempts to access the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 resources 113 to provide its services and perform itsfunctions, the permissions manager 111 checks the supporting role of theentity, the policies 201 that are applicable and decides, as discussedfurther herein above, whether to enable access to the resources 113requested by the entity (Block 509). Where the entity has insufficientaccess permissions, the permissions manager 111 returns an error to theentity and/or denies resource 113 access to the entity (Block 511). Ifthe role of the entity and the applicable policies 201 are determined toenable the resource access request, then permission is granted, and theresource access request can be executed by the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 (Block 513). In this manner, the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 enables the establishment and secure execution of thedistribution of the roles of the corporate social responsibility programto a flexible set of entities with tailored levels of access to theresources of the philanthropy cloud platform 101.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart of one implementation of a process for managingdonation transactions. In one implementation, the philanthropy cloudplatform 101 is utilized to enable the collection and distribution ofdonations and similar charitable contributions from users associatedwith a workplace 115 or tenant organization to a set of non-profits thatare selected by these users to receive donations as part of thecorporate social responsibility program of the associated tenantorganization. The users may select a set of non-profits to receivedonations using content provided by a content partner that describes thecorporate social responsibility program campaign and the non-profits.The user selects one or more of these non-profits to receive a donationand may input financial information such as bank account or credit cardinformation to draw funds for the donation (Block 601). The tenantorganization has at least one transaction processor 129 configured in asupporting role.

A transaction manager 137 in the philanthropy cloud platform 101,determines whether multiple transaction processors 129 are available toservice this donation for the tenant organization and user (Block 603).The transaction manager 137 can consult the organization structure anddetermine a number of transaction processors 129 as well as thecharacteristics or attributes of the available transaction processors129. If there is only one available transaction processor 129, then thetransaction manager 137 can send the donation transaction to theassigned transaction processor 129 to route funds to the set ofspecified non-profits (Block 605). The transaction processors 129 caninterface with banking and credit card processing systems 125 to makefunds transfers to the intended non-profit recipients while managing therequired legal and accounting bookkeeping for the tenant organizationand the user, which is reported back into the philanthropy cloud system101.

If there is more than one available transaction processor 129, then thetransaction manager 137 selects one of the available transactionprocessors 129 that is a best match for tenant organization or userpreferences (Block 607). Organizations and user can specify a set ofcriteria or attributes for a transaction processor 129 that enable thetransaction manager 137 to compare the preferences to the attributes ofthe available transaction processors 129 to make a determination of abest match. For example, an organization or user may indicate that itprefers a lowest processing fee in which case the transaction manager137 selects the available transaction processor 129 with the lowestprocessing fees. Once the transaction processor 129 is selected, thenthe transaction manager 137 forwards the transactions to the transactionprocessor 129, which will carry out the specified transactions and routethe indicated funds to the set of non-profits (Block 609).

FIG. 7 is a diagram of one implementation of a corporate socialresponsibility portal. The users of an organization or workplace 115 caninteract with a corporate social responsibility portal via a specializedclient or general-purpose application such as a web browser. A contentpartner 135 may design content that is accessed by users (e.g.,employees of a tenant) to provide information about the corporate socialresponsibility portal. The portal can provide an interface for reviewingorganization sponsored charitable campaigns and similar information. Auser can select any of the present campaigns to drill down intoadditional information about the plan and to make donations toassociated non-profits.

The corporate social responsibility portal can also present user accountinformation, a configuration, including user preferences, organizationlevel information, management interfaces for users with roles withhigher access/permissions and similar philanthropy cloud platform 101access. A user can identify financial information, personal information,charitable interests, and similar interests in their accountinformation. The corporate social responsibility portal can bespecialized and tailored in terms of the presented information on a peruser basis to make information of interest to the user easilyaccessible.

FIGS. 8A and 8B are diagrams of implementations of a content managementinterface enabling configuration of a scope of visibility and fundmanagement. Users or entities with the supporting role of contentpartner can utilize tools provided by the philanthropy cloud platform tobuild corporate social responsibility program campaigns. The creation ofsuch a campaign illustrates the flexibility of the philanthropy cloudplatform 101. As shown in FIG. 8A, a user or entity in the role of thecontent partner 135 can create a campaign for a tenant organization byinputting descriptive information about the campaign such as a title,subheading, excerpt, images, videos, and broader description that arevisible to users of an organization or workplace 115 to enable them todecide upon supporting such campaigns.

In addition, campaign management can be configured by inputting a datefor making the campaign visible to users, i.e., a publication date, aswell as a date for ending the campaign and removing the content fromuser accessibility. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8B, the campaignsettings can further be configured to specify the types of paymentmethods accepted by transaction processors 129, timing of donations(e.g., one-time, or recurring donations), campaign goals (e.g., maximumaccepted donations), and similar transaction related information. Otherinformation that can be specified by a content partner can includeassociated tags or search terms that facilitate users being presentedwith charitable campaigns that align with their input interests orsearches.

Campaign management also enables the content provider to specify scopeand visibility of a campaign in the philanthropy cloud platform. Where acontent partner serves in that role for multiple organizations andworkplaces, then the content partner designing the campaign can specifywhich of the associated organizations and workplaces are able to takepart or have visibility for the campaign. The content partner can alsospecify the set of non-profits and transaction processors that canbenefit from and assist in transactions, respectively. In this way, themanagement of campaigns is decentralized to alleviate content creation,transaction processing and similar elements of campaign management suchthat they are not constrained to a platform provider or the organizationitself.

Electronic Device and Machine-Readable Media

One or more parts of the above implementations may include softwareand/or a combination of software and hardware. An electronic device(also referred to as a computing device, computer, etc.) includeshardware and software, such as a set of one or more processors coupledto one or more machine-readable storage media (e.g., magnetic disks,optical disks, read only memory (ROM), Flash memory, phase changememory, solid state drives (SSDs)) to store code (which is composed ofsoftware instructions and which is sometimes referred to as computerprogram code or a computer program) for execution on the set ofprocessors and/or to store data. For instance, an electronic device mayinclude non-volatile memory (with slower read/write times, e.g.,magnetic disks, optical disks, read only memory (ROM), Flash memory,phase change memory, SSDs) and volatile memory (e.g., dynamic randomaccess memory (DRAM), static random access memory (SRAM)), where thenon-volatile memory persists code/data even when the electronic deviceis turned off or when power is otherwise removed, and the electronicdevice copies that part of the code that is to be executed by the set ofprocessors of that electronic device from the non-volatile memory intothe volatile memory of that electronic device during operation becausevolatile memory typically has faster read/write times. As anotherexample, an electronic device may include a non-volatile memory (e.g.,phase change memory) that persists code/data when the electronic deviceis turned off, and that has sufficiently fast read/write times suchthat, rather than copying the part of the code/data to be executed intovolatile memory, the code/data may be provided directly to the set ofprocessors (e.g., loaded into a cache of the set of processors); inother words, this non-volatile memory operates as both long term storageand main memory, and thus the electronic device may have no or only asmall amount of volatile memory for main memory. In addition to storingcode and/or data on machine-readable storage media, typical electronicdevices can transmit code and/or data over one or more machine-readabletransmission media (also called a carrier) (e.g., electrical, optical,radio, acoustical or other form of propagated signals—such as carrierwaves, infrared signals). For instance, typical electronic devices alsoinclude a set of one or more physical network interface(s) to establishnetwork connections (to transmit and/or receive code and/or data usingpropagating signals) with other electronic devices. Thus, an electronicdevice may store and transmit (internally and/or with other electronicdevices over a network) code and/or data with one or moremachine-readable media (also referred to as computer-readable media).

Electronic devices are used for a variety of purposes. For example, anelectronic device (sometimes referred to as a server electronic device)may execute code that cause it to operate as one or more servers used toprovide a service to another electronic device(s) (sometimes referred toas a client electronic device, a client computing device, or a clientdevice) that executes client software (sometimes referred to as clientcode or an end user client) to communicate with the service. The serverand client electronic devices may be operated by users respectively inthe roles of administrator (also known as an administrative user) andend user.

FIG. 9A is a block diagram illustrating an electronic device 900according to some example implementations. FIG. 9A includes hardware 920comprising a set of one or more processor(s) 922, a set of one or morenetwork interfaces 924 (wireless and/or wired), and non-transitorymachine-readable storage media 926 having stored therein software 928(which includes instructions executable by the set of one or moreprocessor(s) 922). Each of the previously described support organizationand tenant organization user interactions with the philanthropy cloudplatform and the services and resources of the philanthropy cloudplatform itself may be implemented in one or more electronic devices900. In one implementation: 1) each of the end user clients isimplemented in a separate one of the electronic devices 900 (e.g., inuser electronic devices operated by users of the tenant organization ororganizations with supporting roles where the software 928 representsthe software to implement end user clients to interface with theservices and resources of the philanthropy cloud platform (e.g., a webbrowser, a native client, a portal, a command-line interface, and/or anapplication program interface (API) based upon protocols such as SimpleObject Access Protocol (SOAP), Representational State Transfer (REST),etc.)); 2) the services and resources of the philanthropy cloud platformcan be implemented in a separate set of one or more of the electronicdevices 900 (e.g., a set of one or more server electronic devices wherethe software 928 represents the software to implement the service andresources of the philanthropy cloud platform); and 3) in operation, theelectronic devices implementing the end user clients and thephilanthropy cloud platform services and resources would becommunicatively coupled (e.g., by a network) and would establish betweenthem (or through one or more other layers) connections for submittingresource requests to the authorization points and returning a set ofpermissions to the authorization points and end user clients. Otherconfigurations of electronic devices may be used in otherimplementations (e.g., an implementation in which the end user clientand the philanthropy cloud platform services are implemented on a set ofshared electronic devices 900).

In electronic devices that use compute virtualization, the set of one ormore processor(s) 922 typically execute software to instantiate avirtualization layer 908 and software container(s) 904A-R (e.g., withoperating system-level virtualization, the virtualization layer 908represents the kernel of an operating system (or a shim executing on abase operating system) that allows for the creation of multiple softwarecontainers 904A-R (representing separate user space instances and alsocalled virtualization engines, virtual private servers, or jails) thatmay each be used to execute a set of one or more applications; with fullvirtualization, the virtualization layer 908 represents a hypervisor(sometimes referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM)) or ahypervisor executing on top of a host operating system, and the softwarecontainers 904A-R each represent a tightly isolated form of a softwarecontainer called a virtual machine that is run by the hypervisor and mayinclude a guest operating system; with para-virtualization, an operatingsystem or application running with a virtual machine may be aware of thepresence of virtualization for optimization purposes). Again, inelectronic devices where compute virtualization is used, duringoperation an instance of the software 928 (illustrated as instance 906A)is executed within the software container 904A on the virtualizationlayer 908. In electronic devices where compute virtualization is notused, the instance 906A on top of a host operating system is executed onthe “bare metal” electronic device 900. The instantiation of theinstance 906A, as well as the virtualization layer 908 and softwarecontainers 904A-R if implemented, are collectively referred to assoftware instance(s) 902.

Alternative implementations of an electronic device may have numerousvariations from that described above. For example, customized hardwareand/or accelerators might also be used in an electronic device.

Exemplary Environment

FIG. 9B is a block diagram of an environment where an end user clientsor services and resources of the philanthropy cloud platform may bedeployed, according to some implementations. A system 940 includeshardware (a set of one or more electronic devices) and software toprovide service(s) 942, including the XYZ service. The system 940 iscoupled to user electronic devices 980A-S over a network 982. Theservice(s) 942 may be on-demand services that are made available to oneor more of the users 984A-S working for one or more other organizations(sometimes referred to as outside users) so that those organizations donot need to necessarily be concerned with building and/or maintaining asystem, but instead makes use of the service(s) 942 when needed (e.g.,on the demand of the users 984A-S). The service(s) 942 may communicationwith each other and/or with one or more of the user electronic devices980A-S via one or more Application Programming Interface(s) (APIs)(e.g., a Representational State Transfer (REST) API). The userelectronic devices 980A-S are operated by users 984A-S.

In one implementation, the system 940 is a multi-tenant cloud computingarchitecture supporting multiple services, such as those of aphilanthropy cloud platform. In other implementations, similar servicescan be applied to other services deployed in similar architectures suchas customer relationship management (CRM) service (e.g., Sales Cloud bysalesforce.com, Inc.), a contracts/proposals/quotes service (e.g.,Salesforce CPQ by salesforce.com, Inc.), a customer support service(e.g., Service Cloud and Field Service Lightning by salesforce.com,Inc.), a marketing service (e.g., Marketing Cloud, Salesforce DMP, andPardot by salesforce.com, Inc.), a commerce service (e.g., CommerceCloud Digital, Commerce Cloud Order Management, and Commerce Cloud Storeby salesforce.com, Inc.), communication with external business datasources (e.g., Salesforce Connect by salesforce.com, Inc.), aproductivity service (e.g., Quip by salesforce.com, Inc.), database as aservice (e.g., Database.com™ by salesforce.com, Inc.), Data as a Service(DAAS) (e.g., Data.com by salesforce.com, Inc.), Platform as a Service(PAAS) (e.g., execution runtime and application (app) development tools;such as, Heroku™ Enterprise, Thunder, and Force.com® and Lightning bysalesforce.com, Inc.), an analytics service (e.g., Einstein Analytics,Sales Analytics, and/or Service Analytics by salesforce.com, Inc.), acommunity service (e.g., Community Cloud and Chatter by salesforce.com,Inc.), an Internet of Things (IoT) service (e.g., Salesforce IoT and IoTCloud by salesforce.com, Inc.), industry specific services (e.g.,Financial Services Cloud and Health Cloud by salesforce.com, Inc.),and/or Infrastructure as a Service (IAAS) (e.g., virtual machines,servers, and/or storage). For example, system 940 may include anapplication platform 944 that enables PAAS for creating, managing, andexecuting one or more applications developed by the provider of theapplication platform 944, users accessing the system 940 via one or moreof user electronic devices 980A-S, or third-party application developersaccessing the system 940 via one or more of user electronic devices980A-S.

In some implementations, one or more of the service(s) 942 may utilizeone or more multi-tenant databases 946 for tenant data 948, as well assystem data storage 950 for system data 952 accessible to system 940. Incertain implementations, the system 940 includes a set of one or moreservers that are running on server electronic devices and that areconfigured to handle requests for any authorized user associated withany tenant (there is no server affinity for a user and/or tenant to aspecific server). The user electronic device 980A-S communicate with theserver(s) of system 940 to request and update tenant-level data andsystem-level data hosted by system 940, and in response the system 940(e.g., one or more servers in system 940) automatically may generate oneor more Structured Query Language (SQL) statements (e.g., one or moreSQL queries) that are designed to access the desired information fromthe one or more multi-tenant database 946 and/or system data storage950.

In some implementations, the service(s) 942 are implemented usingvirtual applications dynamically created at run time responsive toqueries from the user electronic devices 980A-S and in accordance withmetadata, including: 1) metadata that describes constructs (e.g., forms,reports, workflows, user access privileges, business logic) that arecommon to multiple tenants; and/or 2) metadata that is tenant specificand describes tenant specific constructs (e.g., tables, reports,dashboards, interfaces, etc.) and is stored in a multi-tenant database.To that end, the program code 960 may be a runtime engine thatmaterializes application data from the metadata; that is, there is aclear separation of the compiled runtime engine (also known as thesystem kernel), tenant data, and the metadata, which makes it possibleto independently update the system kernel and tenant-specificapplications and schemas, with virtually no risk of one affecting theothers. Further, in one implementation, the application platform 944includes an application setup mechanism that supports applicationdevelopers' creation and management of applications, which may be savedas metadata by save routines. Invocations to such applications,including the XYZ service, may be coded using ProceduralLanguage/Structured Object Query Language (PL/SOQL) that provides aprogramming language style interface. A detailed description of somePL/SOQL language implementations is discussed in U.S. Pat. No. 7,730,478entitled, METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR ALLOWING ACCESS TO DEVELOPEDAPPLICATIONS VIA A MULTI-TENANT ON-DEMAND DATABASE SERVICE, by CraigWeissman, filed Sep. 21, 2007. Invocations to applications may bedetected by one or more system processes, which manages retrievingapplication metadata for the tenant making the invocation and executingthe metadata as an application in a software container (e.g., a virtualmachine).

Network 982 may be any one or any combination of a LAN (local areanetwork), WAN (wide area network), telephone network, wireless network,point-to-point network, star network, token ring network, hub network,or other appropriate configuration. The network may comply with one ormore network protocols, including an Institute of Electrical andElectronics Engineers (IEEE) protocol, a 3rd Generation PartnershipProject (3GPP) protocol, or similar wired and/or wireless protocols, andmay include one or more intermediary devices for routing data betweenthe system 940 and the user electronic devices 980A-S.

Each user electronic device 980A-S(such as a desktop personal computer,workstation, laptop, Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), smart phone,etc.) typically includes one or more user interface devices, such as akeyboard, a mouse, a trackball, a touch pad, a touch screen, a pen orthe like, for interacting with a graphical user interface (GUI) providedon a display (e.g., a monitor screen, a liquid crystal display (LCD),etc.) in conjunction with pages, forms, applications and otherinformation provided by system 940. For example, the user interfacedevice can be used to access data and applications hosted by system 940,and to perform searches on stored data, and otherwise allow a user 984to interact with various GUI pages that may be presented to a user 984.User electronic devices 980A-S might communicate with system 940 usingTCP/IP (Transfer Control Protocol and Internet Protocol) and, at ahigher network level, use other networking protocols to communicate,such as Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP), FTP, Andrew File System(AFS), Wireless Application Protocol (WAP), File Transfer Protocol(FTP), Network File System (NFS), an application program interface (API)based upon protocols such as Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP),Representational State Transfer (REST), etc. In an example where HTTP isused, one or more user electronic devices 980A-S might include an HTTPclient, commonly referred to as a “browser,” for sending and receivingHTTP messages to and from server(s) of system 940, thus allowing users984 of the user electronic device 980A-S to access, process and viewinformation, pages and applications available to it from system 940 overnetwork 982.

CONCLUSION

In the above description, numerous specific details such as resourcepartitioning/sharing/duplication implementations, types andinterrelationships of system components, and logicpartitioning/integration choices are set forth in order to provide amore thorough understanding. It will be appreciated, however, by oneskilled in the art, that the invention may be practiced without suchspecific details. In other instances, control structures, logicimplementations, opcodes, means to specify operands, and full softwareinstruction sequences have not been shown in detail since those ofordinary skill in the art, with the included descriptions, will be ableto implement what is described without undue experimentation.

References in the specification to “one implementation,” “animplementation,” “an example implementation,” etc., indicate that theimplementation described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but every implementation may not necessarily include theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrasesare not necessarily referring to the same implementation. Further, whena particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described inconnection with an implementation, it is submitted that it is within theknowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure,or characteristic in connection with other implementations whether ornot explicitly described.

Bracketed text and blocks with dashed borders (e.g., large dashes, smalldashes, dot-dash, and dots) may be used herein to illustrate optionaloperations and/or structures that add additional features to someimplementations. However, such notation should not be taken to mean thatthese are the only options or optional operations, and/or that blockswith solid borders are not optional in certain implementations.

In the following description and claims, the term “coupled,” along withits derivatives, may be used. “Coupled” is used to indicate that two ormore elements, which may or may not be in direct physical or electricalcontact with each other, co-operate or interact with each other.

The operations in the flow diagrams are be described with reference tothe exemplary implementations in the other figures. However, theoperations of the flow diagrams can be performed by implementationsother than those discussed with reference to the other figures, and theimplementations discussed with reference to these other figures canperform operations different than those discussed with reference to theflow diagrams.

While the flow diagrams in the figures show a particular order ofoperations performed by certain implementations, it should be understoodthat such order is exemplary (e.g., alternative implementations mayperform the operations in a different order, combine certain operations,overlap certain operations, etc.).

While the above description includes several exemplary implementations,those skilled in the art will recognize that the invention is notlimited to the implementations described and can be practiced withmodification and alteration within the spirit and scope of the appendedclaims. The description is thus illustrative instead of limiting.

What is claimed is:
 1. A computer implemented method of managing accessto resources of a cloud platform comprising: retrieving, at a computingdevice of the cloud platform, context data and policies for a requestorand an identified resource; combining, by the computing device, thepolicies with context data into a combined data structure, where thecontext data includes parameters of the policies to enable evaluation ofdynamic expressions in the policies; evaluating, by the computingdevice, a resource request to access resources of the cloud platform;applying, by the computing device, the policies for the requestor basedon role of requestor using the combined data structure the resourcerequest; generating, by the computing device, resource permissions forthe requestor from the dynamic expressions applied to the combined datastructure; and returning, by the computing device, the resourcepermissions to the requestor.
 2. The method of claim 1, furthercomprising: receiving the resource request from the requestor, theresource request including the identifier for the resource and requestorinformation.
 3. The method of claim 1, further comprising: checking acontext cache for the context data for the requestor and the identifiedresource; determining that the context data is present in the contextcache; and loading the context data in response to the determining. 4.The method of claim 1, wherein the cloud platform enables externalassignment of supporting roles, the method further comprising:evaluating the resource request includes determining whether therequestor has access to the requested resource based on a role assignedto the requestor in the cloud platform.
 5. The method of claim 4,wherein the role assigned to the requestor can be specific to any one ormore of a tenant organization of the cloud platform, or a workplace of atenant organization.
 6. The method of claim 1, wherein resourcepermissions are provided to an application programming interface (API)of the cloud platform to be enforced for functions of the API.
 7. Anon-transitory machine-readable storage medium that providesinstructions that, if executed by a processor, will cause said processorto perform operations manage access to resources of a cloud platform,the operations comprising: retrieving context data and policies for arequestor and an identified resource; combining the policies withcontext data into a combined data structure, where the context dataincludes parameters of the policies to enable evaluation of dynamicexpressions in the policies; evaluating a resource request to accessresources of the cloud platform; applying the policies for the requestorbased on role of requestor using the combined data structure theresource request; generating resource permissions for the requestor fromthe dynamic expressions applied to the combined data structure; andreturning the resource permissions to the requestor.
 8. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 7, the operationsfurther comprising: receiving the resource request from the requestor,the resource request including the identifier for the resource andrequestor information.
 9. The non-transitory machine-readable medium ofclaim 7, the operations further comprising: checking a context cache forthe context data for the requestor and the identified resource;determining that the context data is present in the context cache; andloading the context data in response to the determining.
 10. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 7, wherein the cloudplatform enables external assignment of supporting roles, the operationsfurther comprising: evaluating the resource request includes determiningwhether the requestor has access to the requested resource based on arole assigned to the requestor in the cloud platform.
 11. Thenon-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 10, wherein the roleassigned to the requestor can be specific to any one or more of a tenantorganization of the cloud platform, or a workplace of a tenantorganization.
 12. The non-transitory machine-readable medium of claim 7,wherein resource permissions are provided to an application programminginterface (API) of the cloud platform to be enforced for functions ofthe API.
 13. A computing device in a cloud platform, the computingdevice implementing a method of managing access to resources of a cloudplatform comprising: a non-transitory machine-readable medium havingstored therein a permissions manager; and one or more processors coupledto the non-transitory machine-readable medium, the one or moreprocessors to execute the permissions manager, the permissions managerto retrieve context data and policies for a requestor and an identifiedresource, to combine the policies with context data into a combined datastructure, where the context data includes parameters of the policies toenable evaluation of dynamic expressions in the policies, to evaluate aresource request to access resources of the cloud platform, to apply thepolicies for the requestor based on role of requestor using the combineddata structure the resource request, to generate resource permissionsfor the requestor from the dynamic expressions applied to the combineddata structure, and to return the resource permissions to the requestor.14. The computing device of claim 13, wherein the permissions manager isfurther to receive the resource request from the requestor, the resourcerequest including the identifier for the resource and requestorinformation.
 15. The computing device of claim 13, wherein thepermission manager is further to check a context cache for the contextdata for the requestor and the identified resource, to determine thatthe context data is present in the context cache, and to load thecontext data in response to the determining.
 16. The computing device ofclaim 13, wherein the cloud platform enables external assignment ofsupporting roles, the permission manager to evaluate the resourcerequest includes determining whether the requestor has access to therequested resource based on a role assigned to the requestor in thecloud platform.
 17. The computing device of claim 16, wherein the roleassigned to the requestor can be specific to any one or more of a tenantorganization of the cloud platform, or a workplace of a tenantorganization.
 18. The computing device of claim 13, wherein resourcepermissions are provided to an application programming interface (API)of the cloud platform to be enforced for functions of the API.